Fluid pressure hammer



H. A. WEYER FLUID PRESSURE HAMMER Filed Aug. 26, 1936 June 7, 1938. 2,119,975

7 Sheets-Sheet 1 FULL BLOW SUSPENDED FULL LOW SINGL E BLO W SUSPENDED $INGLE 81.0w

Ira/ nior flaorrzeg June 7, 1938. H. A. WEYER FLUID PRESSURE HAMMER Filed Aug. 26, 1936 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 7, 1938. 7 H. A. WEYEQ 2,119,975

FLUID PRESSURE HAMMER Filed Aug. 26. 1956 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 7, 1933' H. A. WEYER FLUID PRESSURE HAMMER 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 26, 1936 June 7, 1938. WEYER 2,119,975

FLUID PRESSURE HAMMER V Fi ea Aug. 25, 1936 7 SheetS-She et 5 W a I N -1- I: E, q 2* o o A W v N w N 0 2 Q a I;

Fly. 8%

INVENTOR.

ihma.

ATTORNEY.

June 7, 1938. H. A; wEYER FLUID PRESSURE HAMMER Filed Aug. 26, 1936 '1 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented June 7, 1938 Q UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Henry A; Weye'r, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to Beatrice S. Nazel, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application August 26, 1936, Serial No. 98,105

12 Claims. (01. 60-62) My invention is an improved air hammer in scription and the accompanying drawings in ilwhich useful work is performed by both the uplustration thereof; stroke and the down-stroke of the power piston. In' the'drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a By my improvements, the ram may be held-in hammer embodying my invention and indicating a suspended position for positioning work on an the several positions of the starting control 5 anvil and then caused to strike a single vising lever and of the running control lever; Fig; 2 blow of any desired force or to strike a continuis an enlarged vertical sectional View taken on ous succession of repeated blows of any desired substantially the longitudinal center line of the force. Thus either type of blow may be struck upper part of the hammer shown in Fig. 1', with without subjecting the work to the other type of the valves in self-acting or fullblow position 1 blow or the work may be subjected to both types for effecting the continuous reciprocation of the of blows in any desired sequence. ram with the reciprocation of the power piston;

The position and operation of the ram are Fi'g. 3'is a transverse vertical sectional view taken preferably controlled by a pair of cylindrical on' the line III1III of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a vertical valves j ournalled in'horizontalseats spaced above tran'sverse'sectional View takenon the line IV-IV' one another between the power piston cylinder of Fig. 2; Fig. 515' a fragmentaryhorizo-ntal secand ram cylinder and disposed normal to a plane tional View taken through the upper valve and common to the axes of such cylinders. The valves adjacent partson the line V--V of Fig. 2; Figs. contain simple ports establishing or barring com- 6; 7' and 8' are fragmentary longitudinal vertical "munication' between several passages by which sectional views showing the positions of theports 20 air is admitted to or evacuated from above or beof the running control valves in the full blow low the ram head and to and from a pressure position and taken respectively on the sections reservoir. Such pressure reservoir is filled, indicated by the lines VIVI, VII-VII and through suitable spring pressed valves, with com- VIII VIII of Figs. 3 and 5; Figs. 9, 10 and 11 pressed air by theup-stroke and by the downare fragmentary longitudinal vertical sectional 25 stroke of the power piston when the valves are views showing the position of the ports of the positioned for either the single vising' stroke or running control valves in the ram' suspended for suspending the ram in preparation for a visfor full blow position and taken respectively on ing stroke and by the'up-stroke of the power pisthe sections indicated by the lines VI--VI,

- ton when the valves are positioned for suspend- VIIVII and VIII'V III of Figs. 3 and 5; Figs. 30

ing the ram in preparation for repeated stroke w a d 1111' are fragmentary lbngitlldinal operations. Compressed air from the reservoir is vertical sectional views showing the positions of admitted below the ram head for suspending the the'ports' of the running control valves in the ram prior to single blow vising operation, which ram suspended for single blow position and H latter is caused by the admission of compressed taken respectively on the sections indicated by 35 air from the reservoir above the ram head, the lines VIVI, VII VII and VIII-VIII of The ram is held suspended prior to-repe'ated or Figs. 3 and 5; Figs. 12, 13, and 14 are fragmentary full blow operation by the discharge of air from longitudinal vertical sectional views showing the beneath the power piston in the down-stroke positions of the ports of the running control I 40 thereof intothe ram cylinder below the ram head. valvesfin the single blow position and taken: 40 In the continuous blow operation, air is disrespectively t se indicated by'the charged below the ram head from beneath the lines P -V and VIIIQVIII Figs; power piston on the down-stroke thereof and is and 5; F 15"16 17 r dlaigrafnmaitlc discharged above the ram head from above the Vlews fg g g 3; g i 45 on sec ions n ca 8 y e Ines e fiffin firing $231 2: ri i y lfe rendered VII-VII and: VIH VHI of Figs 3 and and co-relating the changes in the positions of the moperatlve and W eco'no'mlzed by startnig valve ports in the several operating positions of 9 Valve permlttmg h F of an such valve; and Figs. 18, 19 and 20 are diagram- 1 d1rect1y frm end of the plston h other matic views of the lower running control valve" 50 to permlt the drlving motor and power plstonito' taken on sections indicated by the lines VI-VI, attain operating speeds before the load of lift-' I V1 1 of FigS 3 and 5;: d ing r p r n the m simr o d h reon co-relating the changes in the positions of the Further characteristics and advantages of valve ports in the several operating positions of improvements will appear from the following do such valve; 55

' of a hollow ram 3 is reciprocable, and with a power piston cylinder 2 in which a power piston .4 is reciprocated, through a connecting rod I In'the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, a pedestal or housing I as provided with a ram cylinder 2, in which the head and suitable gearing, by an electric motor 9. The ends of the cylinder 2 are closed by the cylinder heads 5 and 6 and the ends of the cylinder 2 are closed by the cylinder heads I and 8. The cylinderhead 5 carries suitable rings for making 'an air-tight joint with the external periphery of the ram, and the cylinder head 6 is provided with a cylindrical guide depending into the interior of the hollow ram and provided with suitable check valves and ports for coaction with the cushioning chamber 25 in the lower endof the ram.

A horizontal cylindrical valve seat II for the cylindrical valve I I is disposed between and adjacent the cylinders 2 and 2 with its axis substanthe cylinder axes.

tiallly normal to a vertical plane common to The valve casing II contains a centrally located side port (see Figs. 2, 7, 10, a, 13 and 16) communicating through the 7 frame passage 21 with the chamber 24 of the cylinder 2' above the piston 4; an elongated port on the opposite side (see Figs. 6 to 17 inclusive) communicating through the frame passage 28 with the chamber 22 in the cylinder 2 above the head of the ram 3; a bottom port at one end thereof (see Figs. 6, 9, 9a, 12 and communieating through a frame passage 39 with an atmospheric chamber 36; a centrally located bottom port (see Figs. 2, '7, 10, 10a, 13 and 16) communicating through a frame passage 3i with a respective spring supported suction valves and I6 (Fig. 3), and air may be expelled from chamber 33; and a bottom port at the end opposite the passage 39 (see Figs. 8, 11, 11a, 14 and 1'7), and communicating through a frame passage 31 with a reservoir or pressure chamber 35.

.A horizontal cylindrical valve seat I2 for the cylindrical valve I2 is disposed between and adjacent to the bottom of the cylinders'2 and 2' below the valve seat I! and with its axis substantially normal to a vertical plane common to the axes ofthe cylinders.

The valve casing I2 contains a centrally lo-" oated side port (see Figs. 2, '7, 10, 10a, 13 and 19) communicating through a frame passage 29 with the chamber 23 of the cylinder 2 below the with a chamber 34; an end port at the opposite end from the passage 49, (see Figs. 8, '11, 11a, 14 and and communicating through a frame passage 39 with an auxiliarychamber 41, and an end side port (see Figs. 8, 11, 11a, 14 and 20) communicating through the frame passage 46 with the reservoir 35.

Air may be drawn from the atmospheric chamber 36 into the chambers 33 and 34 through the I5 the chamber 33 into the reservoir 35 through the spring pressed check valve I3, and from the chamber 34 into the auxiliary reservoir 41 1 through the spring pressed check valve I4.

The valve body II is provided with a stub shaft or stem I Ia to which is fixed an arm Ill). The

arm is pivotally connected through a link IIc' with one arm I2aof a bell crank fixed to the shaft I2b+ of the valve body I2. The other arm. I20 of such bell crank is pivotally connected through the link I2d with the end of the running control lever I9 fulcrumed on the pivot I9".

The shank of the lever I9 is movable by. the lever handle along. a segment I911. to which is pivoted the arms I92) and I90 having thereon the stops I9d and I9e which rest on top of the segment and project into the path of movement of 7 the arms I9b and I90 are rocked toward the left (as indicated by the arcuate lines Fig. 1) the stop I9d indicates to the operator the correct position:

of the lever I9 and valves II and I2 to effect the suspension of the ram prior to single blow actuation, and the stop We limits the leftward movement of the lever I9 and indicates to the operator the proper position of the lever I9 and valves II and I2 to-effect the maximum single blow actuation of the ram. e v

The valve body I I has adjacent to'the left end (Figs. 3 and 15) thereof, a recess forming a port I II having, a peripheral opening of such width as to connect the passages 28 and 39 when the valve I9 is in either suspended for .full blow position or in suspended for single blow position. The passage 28 is shut off by the uncut portion of the valve body adjacentto the port III when the lever I9 is in full blow position and the passage 39 is shutoff by the valve body when the lever I9 is in single blow position.

The middle portion of the valve body II contains a recess forming ports H2 and I I3 (Figs. 3, 16) through which the passage 2! communicates only with the passage 28 in the full blow position (Fig. 7) and only with the passage 3| in the suspended for full blow position (Fig. 10), in the suspended for single blow position (Fig. 10a) and in the single blow position (Fig. 13)..

The right hand portion (Figs. 3, 17) of the valve body II contains an axial passage II4 and the radial ports H5 and I I6 communicating therewith. The passage 28 communicates with the passage 31 in the single blow position only; the

valve ports H5, I I6 being out of registration with the passages 28 and 31 in the other positions of the lever I9. The valve body 52 has a recess adjacent to the left end thereof (Figs. 3, 18) which forms a port I2I connecting the passages 30 and 40 (Fig. 12) in the single blow position. These passages are shut off from one another by the valve body in the full blow position and both suspended blow positions.

The middle portion (Figs. 3, 19) of the valve 1 body I2 contains a recess formingtheports I22 and I23 through which the passage 29 communicates with the passage 39 only in the full blow position (Fig. '7), and communicates with the passage 32 only in both suspended blow positions The'righthand end (Figs. 3, 20) of the valve body I2 contains the'axial passage I24 and the radial ports I25 and I 26" communicating therewith. The valve openings I24, I25'and I26 connect the passages3I| and 38" in'the suspended position for full blow (Fig. 11); connect the passages 30, 38 and 46 in thesuspended'for'single blow position (Fig. 11a); and connect the passages 38 and 46 in the single blow position. In

the full blow position (Fig. 8) the ports 30', 3'8" and 46 are all cut 01f from one another by the valve body I2. 7

The upper and lower portions of' the cylinder 2" are connected by the by-pass' 26 through the cylinder wall. a rotary valve I1 actuable by the'sta'rting control lever 20, whichwhen moved to horizontal or start position moves the valve H to open the by-pass 26 and when moved to vertical or run position moves the valve H to close the bypass 26.

In order that the air pressure in the chamber 23 may equal atmospheric pressure at the end of the upward stroke of the power piston 4, the hollow stem of this piston is provided with a set of peripheral apertures 4| which register with a groove in the top of the cylinder head 8 when the piston is at the top of its stroke. In order that the pressure in the chamber 24 above the piston in the cylinder 2 may equal atmospheric at the end of the down stroke of the piston 4, the wall of the cylinder 2 is provided with the apertures 42 and 43 connected by an external by-pass 45 covered by the plate I8. The piston head is provided with a radial opening 44 communicating with the hollow stem of the piston and adapted to register with the opening 42 when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke. In this position of the parts, air under atmospheric pressure may pass from the hollow pedestal through the hollow piston stem ports 44 and 42, by-pass' 45 and port 43 to the space above the piston. Fresh air may thus be supplied to the cylinder 2' at each end of the stroke of the piston 4.

.S'tartindoperation When starting the hammer operating motor, the ram is out of action and down on the anvil I", the lever I9 is preferably placed in the ram suspended for full blow position, and the starting control lever 20 is placed in starting position (Fig. 1).

the piston 4 is reciprocated idly by the piston rod I0 until the motor and piston are operating at working speed. While the apparatus is Working up to speed, air will pass through the b'y-pa'ss 26 to and fro from one side of the piston head or .to the other side thereof and will not be forced into the ram cylinder, hence the ram will continue to lie on the anvil.

Ram suspended for full blow position operation This by-pa'ss 26- is controlledby In this position of the lever 20, the, by-pass 26 is opened through the valve I1 and head 4" air has been sucked from atmosphere through the pedestal chamber 36, suction valve I6, chamber 34, passage 32, lower valve ports I23 and I22; and passage 29 into the chamber 23" below the piston head.

On the downward stroke of the piston air compressedthereby in the'chamber 23 passes through the passage 29, lower valve ports I22, I23, passage 321 chamber 34, check valve I4, auxiliary reservoir 41, passage 38, lower valve ports I26 and I25 and-passage 39 into the chamber 2| beneath the head of the ram 3which is thereby elevated to its upper or suspended'position.

During the upward movement of the ram 3, the air above its head escapes through the passage 2 8-,'upper valve port III, passage 39, chamber 36 and pedestal to atmosphere.

During the downward movement of the piston 4, air is sucked from the atmospheric chamber 36' through the suction valve I5, chamber 33, passage 3|, upper valve port H2 and passage 21 into the chamber 24 above the piston head.

It will thus be seen that each stroke of the power piston 4 performs useful work, although only the air compressed by the downward stroke of the power piston is utilized to support the ram 3. The air thus supplied is simply sufiicient to hold the ram at the top of its stroke while the work is being placed or adjusted upon the anvil, or during any longer period desired.

Full blow position operation If the lever I9 is now moved toward the right (Fig. 1), the running control valves are moved into full blow position (Figs. 6, '1 and 8) and the ram is set to be self-acting, that is, each reciprocation of the power piston causes a corresponding reciprocation of the ram.

When the handle is moved but slightly toward full blow position so as to give a succession of light blows, the passage 3| will be slightly uncovered by the port I I2 to permit escape of some of'the air from the passage 21 into expansion chamber 33, and the passage 28 will be slightly uncovered by the port III (Fig. 6) to permit the escape to atmosphere of a part of the air which is forced past the passage 3| and into the chamber 22' from the chamber 24 through the passage 21', valve ports H2, H3 and passage 28 in the upstroke of the piston 4. On the downstroke of the piston4, part of the air from the chamber 23 will pass to the chamber 2| and part will escape through the port I23 and the partly open passage 32 into the chamber 34 and auxiliary reservoir 41 which act as expansion chambers.

In this position of the valves all of the passages are closed off from one another excepting those directly connecting the ends of the cylinders 2 and 2". On the upward movement of the power piston 4, air compressed in the chamber 24 passes through the passage 21, upper valve ports I I2 and H3 and passage 28 into the chamber 22 above the head. coincidentally, air in the chamber 2| below the ram head is sucked through the passage 30, lower valve ports I23 and I22 and passage 29 into the chamber 23 below the power piston head. The ram is thus forced down by both pressure and suction, as well as by its own weight on the upward movement of the piston head 4. On the downward movement of the power piston 4 air compressed in the chamber 23 is forced through the passage 29, lower valve ports I22 and I23 and passage 30 into the chamber 2| beneath the ram head, and coincidentally, air in the chamber 22 above the ram head is sucked through the passage 28, upper valve ports I I3, I I2 and passage21 into the chamber 24 above the power piston head.

Thus the ram is lifted by both pressure and suction on thedownward stroke ofthe power piston.

f The force of the blow may be varied byrmovement of the valves II and I2 by gradually shifting the lever I9'between its ram suspended for full ervoir.

blow position and its full blow position, and vice versa. The force of the blow can be nicely regulated from the beginning of the movement since jor single blow position operation If instead of repeated blows on the work, a single vising blow is desired, the arms IBD and I90 Ram suspended are turned on their pivots'as indicated by the arcuate lines in Fig, l and the lever I9 is shifted toward the left and positioned in'abutment with the stop I9d in the shifted position thereof. This ,movement of the lever I9 shifts the valves I I and I2 to the positions shown in Figs. 90., 10a and 11a, the ram 3 meanwhile remaining'suspended for the placement or adjusting of work on the anvil. V

In this position of the valves air, which had been compressed in the reservoir 35 by the,up ward movement of the power piston 4 in the suspended for full blow position, passes (Fig.. 11a) from the reservoir 35 through the passage 46, lower valve port I26, lower valve passage I24, lower valve port I25 and passage 36 into the chamber 2| beneath the ram head, and the air pressure in the reservoir 35 is maintained'or supplemented by both the upward and downward movement of the power piston 4.

On the upward stroke of the power piston 4,

air compressed in the chamber 24 is forced through the passage 21, upper valve port H2, passage 3|, chamber 33 and check valve I3 into the reservoir 35, and on the downward stroke of the piston 4 air compressed in the chamber 23 is forced (Fig, 100.) through the passage 29, lower 'valve ports I22and l23, passage 32, chamber 34,

check valve I4, chamber 41 (Fig. 11a), passage 38, lower valve ports I26, passage 46 and into the reservoir 35.

Any air above the ram head escapes through the passage 28, upper valve port I II and passage 39 and chamber 36 to atmosphere, as described in connection with the ram suspended for full blow position operation. In 7 the downward movement of the power piston 4, air is sucked into the chamber 24, and in the upward movement of Single blow position operation When it is desired to apply a single blow to and apply vising pressure to the work on the anvil, the lever I9 is shifted toward the left from its position adjacent'to the stop I912. The force of the l5 and I6 inthe same manner as destruck when the lever I9 is: adjacent to the stop I9e when the latter isshifted to its leftward position indicated by the arcuate line in 1.

As the valves II and I2 are shifted toward single blow position, the upward and downward stroke of: the power piston both pump air under pressure'into the reservoir 35. More particularly on the up-stroke of the power piston 4,

the air compressed in the chamber 24 is forced (Fig. 13) through'the passage 21, upper valve port II2, passage 3|, chamber 33,-check valve l3 into the reservoir 35. On the down-stroke of the power piston 4, the air compressed in the chamber 23 is forced (Fig. 13) through the pas.- sage 29, lower valve ports I22 and I23, passage 32, chamber 34, check valve I4, chamber 41, passage 38, lower valve vport I26, and passage 46 into the reservoir 35. In both the upward and downward movements of the piston 4, air is sucked from the atmospheric chamber 36 through the suction valves I5 and I6 into the chambers 24 and 23 in the same manner as described in the ram suspended positions.

The air in the chamber 2| beneath the ram head'escapes (Fig. 12) through the passage 30, lower valve port I2i, and passage 40 to atmosphere, and compressed air from the chamber 35 passes continuously'therefrom (Fig. 14) through the passage 31, upper valve port H5, passage H4, port I I6, and passage 28 into the chamber 22, thereby forcing and holding the ram down against the work on the anvil.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, apower piston therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head therein, an air reservoir, and means comprising valve mechanism for discharging compressed air from the power-cylinder above the piston into the reservoir on the up-stroke of the power piston without reentry of such compressed air into the power cylinder and for discharging compressed air from the power cylinder below the piston into the reservoir on the down-stroke of the" power piston without reentry of such compressed air into the power cylinder and for discharging compressed air from the reservoir to the ram cylinder either above or below the ram head.

. 2. A hammer as set forth in claim 1 having 7 means for discharging compressed air to the reservoir and none to the ram cylinder from the.

power cylinder on one stroke of the power piston" and to the ram cylinder beneath the ram head and none to the reservoir from the power cylinder on the opposite stroke of the power piston.

3. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a ram'cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, an air reservoir and a plurality of rotary valves between said cylinders controlling communication between said cylinders and reservoir, said valves having axes substantially normal to a plane common to the axes of said cylinders and controllingdirect communication between said cylindersand indirect communication between said cylinders through said reservoir.

4. A power hammer having a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, an air reservoir, and a pair of rotary valves having ports connecting said cylinders in one position thereof, connecting said power cylinder with said ram cylinder and with said reservoir in a second position thereof, connecting said power cylinder with said reservoir and said reservoir with one end of said ram cylinder in a third position thereof, and connecting said power cylinder with said reservoir and said reservoir with the other end of said ram cylinder in a fourth position thereof.

5. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, a reservoir, valve mechanism controlling communication between said cylinders and between said cylinders and reservoir, and valve mechanism for rendering said first named valve mechanism ineffective by by-passing air from one end to the other of said power cylinder.

6. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder and a ram cylinder, a power piston in said power cylinder and a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, valve mechanism controlling communication between said cylinders, a valve actuator, and a pivoted arm having an actuator stop thereon movable by rocking said arm into two positions in the path of said actuator.

'7. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, an air reservoir, Valve mechanism controlling communication between said cylinders and between said cylinders and reservoir, a valve actuator, a plurality of pivoted arms each having an actuator stop thereon movable by rocking said arms into four positions in the path of said actuator.

8. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, an air reservoir, a valve seat, a rotary valve having therein ports in planes spaced axially along the axis of said valve, passage-forming means connecting said ram cylinder with said valve seat adjacent to the axial plane of each of said ports, passageforming means connecting said valve seat adjacent to the axial plane of one of said ports with atmosphere, passage forming means connecting said power cylinder with said valve seat adjacent to the axial plane of a second of said valve ports, passage-forming means connecting the valve seat with said reservoir adjacent to the axial plane of said second valve port, passage-forming means connecting said valve seat with said reservoir adjacent to the axial plane of a third valve port, a second valve seat, a rotary valve in said second seat and having therein ports in planes spaced along the axis of said second valve, passage-forming means connecting said ram cylinder with said second valve seat adjacent to the planes of each of the ports of said second valve, passage-forming means connecting said second seat adjacent to the plane of one of said ports with atmosphere,

passage-forming means connecting said power cylinder with said valve seat adjacent to the plane of a second port of said second valve, passageforming means connecting said second seat adjacent to the plane of said second port of the second named valve with said seat adjacent to the plane of a third port in the second named valve, and passage-forming means connecting said reservoir with said second valve seat adjacent to the plane of said third port of said second valve.

9. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston in said power cylinder, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, a pressure reservoir, valve mechanism controlling communication between said cylinders and between said cylinders and reservoir, and means for actuating said valve mechanism from an intermediate position to either a position producing repeated blows of said ram or to a position producing a single blow of said ram.

10. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head in said ram cylinder, 2. pressure reservoir, valve mechanism having intermediate positions in one of which said ram is suspended by air pumped directly from said power piston and in the other of which said ram is suspended by air supplied from said pressure reservoir, said valve mechanism having a position at one side of said intermediate positions and admitting air on opposite sides of said ram head on each stroke of said power piston, and said valve mechanism having a position on the other side of said intermediate positions and admitting air to only one side of said ram head from said pressure reservoir.

11. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston reciprocable therein and forming therewith chambers above and below the piston, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head reciprocable in said ram cylinder, a pressure reservoir, and means through which said chambers communicate with said ram cylinder and with said reservoir and including chambers having predetermined ratios to said first named chambers 'for limiting the pressure to which said pressure reservoir is subjected.

12. A power hammer comprising a power cylinder, a power piston reciprocable therein, a ram cylinder, a ram having a head reciprocable in said ram cylinder, means through which said cylinders communicate and including an expansionchamber for limiting the pressure of airforced from the said power cylinder to said ram cylinder in striking a light blow.

HENRY A. WEYER. 

